金融发展影响城乡收入差距的三大效应及检验

金融发展影响城乡收入差距主要通过三条途径,即金融发展的门槛效应、金融发展的降低贫困效应、金融发展的非均衡效应。本文利用中国和省级1978~2004年的相关数据进行实证检验,结果显示实证与理论假说相符。最后,提出了相关政策建议。     

二元经济理论模型评述

大多数经济学家认为,发展中国家的经济结构具有二元的性质,即现代城市部门与传统乡村农业部门并存,并据此形成了二元经济结构发展模型,以解释经济发展过程中的城乡工农关系以及二元经济向一元经济的转换。文章对四个主要的二元经济模型进行了综述,并深入探讨了模型所体现的经济思想和政策含义,以期为解决中国实际问题提供新的思路。     

我国农民增收的财税政策研究

近年来,我国城乡收入差距呈现扩大化的趋势,农民增收缓慢,这在一定程度上影响到了经济的发展和社会的稳定,成为社会关注的焦点。财税政策是政府调节收入分配的最重要的工具之一,是现阶段缩小我国城乡收入分配差距的有效选择。本文结合我国农民收入分配的现状,分析了我国农村财税政策存在的诸多问题及其对增加农民收入的影响,并提出了促进农民增收的若干财税对策。     

地区间教育不平等与收入差距扩大的动态研究

利用省级面板数据,实证研究了我国地区间教育不平等与收入差距扩大的动态关系。研究发现,地区间教育不平等是收入差距扩大的一个重要原因,并且随着市场化改革的深入,教育差距对收入差距的影响越来越重要。因此,降低地区间教育不平等程度是缩小地区间收入差距的有效选择。     

经济增长与城乡居民收入——一个实证研究

文章借助VAR模型、协整理论及Granger因果关系检验等分析方法,研究了1985～2004年我国经济增长对居民收入的影响关系。结果表明经济增长与城镇居民收入之间存在显著的长期动态均衡关系,经济增长是城镇居民收入变动的Granger原因;但是经济增长与农村居民收入之间不存在长期均衡关系。经济增长与城乡居民收入的不同关系已发生质的差别。     

中国上市公司IPO后经营业绩变化情况的分析——来自A股公司的经验数据

本文以1999￣2000年在沪、深两市首发上市的216家A股公司为样本,以这些公司从首发前一年延伸至2003年的数据,研究了中国A股上市公司IPO前1年至后3年的收入、成本、费用及效益的变化。研究发现:与上市前相比,中国A股公司IPO后的主营业务收入、主营业务成本、期间费用等绝对数指标均显著上升,而主营业务收入营业利润率却显著下降;造成业绩下降因素很多,其中最直接的主要原因是公司上市后成本、费用的大幅度上升。     

Hypocrisy pay

Emotional labor—putting on an act asrequired explicitly orimplicitly in work situations-is very often psychologically, emotionally, and mentally damaging to most employees. As for soldiers in wartime who receive combat pay, it is suggested that such employees be specially compensated for their emotional labor with hypocrisy pay. Another solution is to select only those who are immune to such stress for jobs involving emotional labor—an ideal that probably cannot be achieved in all cases. Another assessment is that such special compensation is unwarranted.     

Regional Unemployment in Transitional China: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to explain the pattern of regional unemployment in transitional China. A model is developed to explore how urban unemployment in the provinces is influenced by peasants' wages, formal sector wages, and the size of the formal sector. Evidence from panel data suggests that a significant indicator of high unemployment rates is greater Urban–Rural Income Inequality within the province. The hypothesis is that the urban–rural income gap produces migration, and more rural migrants substitute for urban workers, causing further urban unemployment.Since the economic reforms began in 1978, the non-state owned enterprises have been carrying an increasing weight in the economy, and they have contributed significantly to the rapid economic growth of China. Empirical evidence shows that economic reforms have reduced unemployment. The provinces that are still heavily dependent on the state sector are therefore more likely to experience higher unemployment.     

Union security rights at the polls: A call for modeling right-to-work voting

From 1944 to 1986, 19 states held 27 referendums on right-to-work legislation, with 22.5 million people voting on the proposals. Despite its prominence as a public issue, most research on right-to-work laws focuses on their industrial relations impacts, and not on employees’ individual rights to refrain from joining unions or those same employees’ responsibilities to support their bargaining unit representative. Nor has there been any research on what citizen groups determine those rights and responsibilities in a right-to-work referendum. This study explores a potential operational model of anti-right-to-work voting with a multiple regression analysis of Missouri’s 1978 right-to-work election results, and hopes to serve as a stimulus to additional research on these particular dimensions of the right-to-work issue.     

基于交易或事项分类设计所得税会计债务法分析

本文从影响所得即净资产变动(基于经济收益观)的交易或事项出发,分析了时间性差异与暂时性差异的成因,探索利润表债务法与资产负债表债务法的设计思路。在此基础上,提出易于与税法衔接简化的资产负债表债务法——发生额资产负债表债务法。